CLI Command

Git Setup

Initializes a new Git repository in the current directory.

git init

Downloads a project and its history from a remote repository.

git clone <url>

Sets your Git username for all repositories on your system.

git config --global user.name $USERNAME

Sets your Git email for all repositories on your system.

git config --global user.email $EMAIL

Repository Initialization

Shows the working directory status including staged, unstaged, and untracked files.

git status

Downloads a project and its entire history from a remote repository.

git clone <url>

Check Status and Logs

Shows the commit history of the current branch.

git log

Shows a compact log with one line per commit.

git log --oneline

Displays details about a specific commit.

git show <commit>

Shows unstaged changes in your working directory.

git diff

Shows changes between staged files and the last commit.

git diff --staged

Add & Commit

Stages a file for the next commit.

git add <file>

Stages all changes in the current directory.

git add .

Records staged changes with a message.

git commit -m "message"

Stages and commits changes to tracked files in one step.

git commit -am "message"

Branching

Lists all local branches.

git branch

Creates a new branch.

git branch <branch-name>

Switches to another branch.

git checkout <branch-name>

Creates and switches to a new branch.

git checkout -b <branch-name>

Merges the specified branch into the current branch.

git merge <branch-name>

Deletes a branch (if fully merged).

git branch -d <branch-name>

Force-deletes a branch.

git branch -D <branch-name>

Remote Repositories

Shows the remote URLs of the repository.

git remote -v

Adds a new remote named 'origin'.

git remote add origin <url>

Pushes the current branch to the remote and sets tracking.

git push -u origin <branch>

Uploads local commits to the remote repository.

git push

Fetches and integrates changes from the remote branch.

git pull

Downloads objects and refs from another repository.

git fetch

Reset, Revert, Rebase

Moves HEAD back one commit, keeps changes staged.

git reset --soft HEAD~1

Moves HEAD back one commit, unstages changes.

git reset --mixed HEAD~1

Resets HEAD and discards all changes.

git reset --hard HEAD~1

Reverts a commit by creating a new inverse commit.

git revert <commit>

Re-applies commits from the current branch on top of another.

git rebase <branch>

Stashing Changes

Saves uncommitted changes for later.

git stash

Lists all stashed changes.

git stash list

Applies the most recent stash without removing it.

git stash apply

Applies the most recent stash and removes it.

git stash pop

Deletes the most recent stash.

git stash drop

Tags

Lists all tags.

git tag

Creates a new tag.

git tag <tag-name>

Creates an annotated tag with a message.

git tag -a <tag-name> -m "message"

Pushes a tag to the remote repository.

git push origin <tag-name>

Pushes all local tags to the remote.

git push --tags

Inspection

Shows who made each change in a file.

git blame <file>

Summarizes commits by author.

git shortlog -sne

Shows a graph of the commit history.

git log --graph --oneline --all

Clean Up

Removes untracked files and directories.

git clean -fd

Optimizes the repository by cleaning up unnecessary files.

git gc

Shows a log of all HEAD changes (even deleted branches).

git reflog

Cherry Picking

Applies a specific commit on the current branch.

git cherry-pick <commit>

Submodules

Adds a submodule at a specific path.

git submodule add <url> <path>

Initializes and updates submodules.

git submodule update --init --recursive

Pulls updates in all submodules.

git submodule foreach git pull origin master